The IbiScript DSL

by Andrea Marruzzo

IbiScript gives the editor immediate control over the text. Developed in Rust and powered by the ANSELMUS parsing engine, it transforms the uncertainty of the artefact into solid digital data, acting as an architecture of thought that shapes the researcher’s epistemic contribution.

• Fluid Hermeneutics: Encode epigraphic phenomena and critical apparatus without the visual interference of XML tags.
• Technical Subsidiarity: Native generation of EpiDoc, HTML, Typst PDF and Unicode outputs; full integration with the BEDA ecosystem via WebAssembly.
• Scientific Rigour: A bridge between the physicality of the artefact and a shared digital memory, where every character is a validated scientific thesis.

The name combines the sacred Ibis of Thoth, guardian of writing, with the Latin adverb ibi: to interrogate the word “there, in that place,” upon the rough surface of ancient matter.

Notation Guide

This guide is organised according to the incremental logic of the ANSELMUS system, reflecting the transition from material data to editorial interpretation.

Atomic Textual Units — Minimal units of textual segmentation that cannot contain or nest other notations within themselves.

Phenomena — A set of notations designed to describe the state of the textual tradition, the condition of the support, and the variations that occurred during the genesis or transmission of the text.

Critical and Editorial Apparatus — A set of notations for the meta-textual phenomena that constitute the philological analysis of the inscribed text. Includes assessments of epistemicity and interpretative plausibility, discursive critical apparatus notes, linguistic annotations, and bibliography.

Formatting and Internal Annotation — Tools dedicated to managing typographic emphasis and inserting metatextual comments. Includes markers for graphic relief (bold, italics) and documentation features for internal use (line or block comments) not intended for the publication of the critical text.

Each phenomenon is documented atomically, systematically listing the combinations defined by the AST. However, for the sake of clarity, the treatment follows a maximum nesting depth of two levels: when phenomenon A may contain phenomenon B, the manual illustrates the case A(B) in the section dedicated to A, referring the reader to B’s own section for a full account of what B may itself contain.

Unless otherwise stated, any phenomenon that admits internal content accepts all phenomena compatible with the physical/editorial distinction documented in each section.

General Guidelines

IbiScript is designed to be intuitive, flexible, and easily typed on standard European keyboards, while maintaining maximum compatibility with the established Leiden System.

Unless explicitly stated otherwise, the system’s parsing logic is agnostic to white spaces or line breaks. This makes IbiScript robust against minor formatting inconsistencies and, above all, prioritizes explicit semantic encoding over visual layout.

The notation is defined using a specific set of reserved Unicode characters (the STOP_SET sequence). To use any of these characters as literal text, an escaping mechanism is provided via the backslash \ character.

The question mark ? acts as a low certainty operator. While it generally indicates a doubtful interpretation by the editor, its specific meaning adapts to the phenomenological context: for instance, in the case of gaps, the ? operator shifts the description from an exact measurement to an approximate estimate.

Conversely, the exclamation mark ! acts as a high certainty or precision operator. It expresses a strong and definitive editorial assertion regarding the described phenomenon; in the context of measurements, the ! operator guarantees the pinpoint precision of the quantitative data provided, explicitly excluding any margin of approximation or executive uncertainty.

Some phenomena support an extended syntax for metadata, expressed as a sequence of label:value pairs separated by semicolons. Values may themselves contain plausibility notation, allowing the editor to express graduated judgements over alternative readings — a feature documented in detail in the plausibility assessment section (cf. Interpretative Plausibility Assessment) and referenced in the sections of each phenomenon that supports it.

Atomic Textual Units

Minimal units of textual segmentation that cannot contain or nest other notations within themselves.

As-Written Signs

Signs used in the critical text which do not constitute the notation of phenomena.

IbiScript supports the native rendering of any Unicode character, but each writing system benefits in its own way from the various rendering options available.

Realised Signs

Textual signs rendered graphically within the text as Unicode glyphs.

Syntax

Any number of Unicode characters not in STOP_SET, i.e. those special characters used to notate other phenomena.

Overview

• 𝑆 = any sign (Unicode character) ∉ STOP_SET (cf. Technical Catalogue of Symbols) otherwise preceded by the escape character \.
• 𝑁 = number of characters (represented by char or digits).

Examples

𒀭𒂗𒆤

𓄤𓆑𓂋

φῶς

𐌀𐌕𐌉

rēs

𐭬𐭫𐭪

EpiDoc Outputs

𒀭𒂗𒆤

<ab>𒀭𒂗𒆤</ab>

𓄤𓆑𓂋

<ab>𓄤𓆑𓂋</ab>

φῶς

<ab>φῶς</ab>

𐌀𐌕𐌉

<ab>𐌀𐌕𐌉</ab>

rēs

<ab>rēs</ab>

𐭬𐭫𐭪

<ab>𐭬𐭫𐭪</ab>

Structural Analysis (Conceptual AST)

𒀭𒂗𒆤

Plain("𒀭𒂗𒆤")

𓄤𓆑𓂋

Plain("𓄤𓆑𓂋")

φῶς

Plain("φῶς")

𐌀𐌕𐌉

Plain("𐌀𐌕𐌉")

rēs

Plain("rēs")

𐭬𐭫𐭪

Plain("𐭬𐭫𐭪")

Whilst this input method is ideal for commonly used characters, it proves inadequate for rare glyphs or those belonging to historical writing systems. Indeed, the direct insertion of specific Unicode characters not only risks generating incorrect substitute characters if the font being used is incomplete, but also compromises the logical consistency of the editorial layout. This occurs in particular when introducing graphemes with opposing writing directions (as in the case of Middle Persian characters inserted into a Latin transcription), causing unpredictable alterations to the text layout.

Coded Signs

Textual signs represented in the form of abstract notation.

Syntax

• Any sequence of Unicode hexadecimal character codes separated by semicolons ;, enclosed in curly brackets {…} and preceded by the \u command.
• Any sequence of text notation groups separated by semicolons ;, enclosed in curly brackets {…} and preceded by the command \u. Each text notation group consists of:
• a four-letter ISO 15924 code identifying the writing system;
• a colon :;
• a single alias or a sequence of Unicode character aliases separated by commas , (belonging to the same writing system as a group).

Overview

• Cᵤ = Unicode codepoint.
• cₛ = four-letter ISO 15924 code of the writing system.
• a = Unicode character alias.
• 𝑆ᵤ = any sign (Unicode character) obtained from the coded form.
• 𝑁 = number of characters (represented by char or digits).

Examples

\u{10E7E}

\u{arab:rumi-2/3}

\u{xsux:an,en,kid}

\u{egyp:f035,i009,d021}

\u{grek:phi,omega-with-perispomeni,final-sigma}

\u{ital:a,te,i}

\u{latn:r,e-with-macron,s}

\u{phli:m,l,k}

\u{deva:sha; deva:virama; deva:ra; deva:ii}

EpiDoc Outputs

\u{10E7E}

<ab>𐹾</ab>

\u{arab:rumi-2/3}

<ab>𐹾</ab>

\u{xsux:an,en,kid}

<ab>𒀭𒂗𒆤</ab>

\u{egyp:f035,i009,d021}

<ab>𓄤𓆑𓂋</ab>

\u{grek:phi,omega-with-perispomeni,final-sigma}

<ab>φῶς</ab>

\u{ital:a,te,i}

<ab>𐌀𐌕𐌉</ab>

\u{latn:r,e-with-macron,s}

<ab>rēs</ab>

\u{phli:m,l,k}

<ab>𐭬𐭫𐭪</ab>

\u{deva:sha; deva:virama; deva:ra; deva:ii}

<ab>श्री</ab>

Structural Analysis (Conceptual AST)

\u{10E7E}

Plain("𐹾")

\u{arab:rumi-2/3}

Plain("𐹾")

\u{xsux:an,en,kid}

Plain("𒀭𒂗𒆤")

\u{egyp:f035,i009,d021}

Plain("𓄤𓆑𓂋")

\u{grek:phi,omega-with-perispomeni,final-sigma}

Plain("φῶς")

\u{ital:a,te,i}

Plain("𐌀𐌕𐌉")

\u{latn:r,e-with-macron,s}

Plain("rēs")

\u{phli:m,l,k}

Plain("𐭬𐭫𐭪")

\u{deva:sha; deva:virama; deva:ra; deva:ii}

Plain("श\u{94d}री")

However, the most convenient and reliable input method is the key:value system, which IbiScript supports for 111 modern and historical writing systems (cf. Writing systems supported for key:value entry for the full list of codes). Each Unicode character can be referred to via one or more nominal aliases that correspond to the official character names, suitably stripped of superfluous elements; numerical forms, in particular, can also be written by directly using numeric digits (cf. example 2). It is not necessary to repeat the ISO 15924 code before each nominal alias (cf. examples 3–8), as the sequence is recognised automatically (cf. example 9 for a case of explicit repetition with optional spaces after the semicolons).

White Space

Significant white space within the text, whether isolated or occurring between epigraphic phenomena. The following rules define a white space as significant:

• isolated in plain text (cf. example 1).
• inserted in plain text between text blocks as a word separator (cf. example 2).
• inserted inside blocks of epigraphic phenomena or nested epigraphic phenomena (cf. example 3).
• inserted, even alone, inside an Omitted phenomenon to express a deliberate omission of a white space by the scribe (cf. example 4). White spaces appearing before or after delimiters are not significant and are thus ignored, treated with laxity as editorial typos.

Syntax

Any white space character.

Overview

• 𝑊 = any white space.

Examples

 ab c 

[ ab c ]

< >

EpiDoc Outputs

<ab> 
</ab>

 ab c 

<ab> ab c </ab>

[ ab c ]

<ab>
    <supplied reason="lost" cert="medium"> ab c </supplied>
</ab>

< >

<ab>
    <supplied reason="omitted" cert="medium">
    </supplied>
</ab>

Structural Analysis (Conceptual AST)

WS

 ab c 

WS
Plain("ab")
WS
Plain("c")
WS

[ ab c ]

Supplied[medium]
  WS
  Plain("ab")
  WS
  Plain("c")
  WS

< >

Omitted[medium]

Line Break

A line break within the text, optionally accompanied by explicit line numbering.

Standard “newline” characters are not evaluated as philologically significant line breaks; instead, they produce Newline units that are treated merely as notational noise. Simple carriage returns can therefore be used to format IbiScript code at will—for instance, by moving long sequences of linguistic annotations to the next line (cf. Linguistic Annotation of a Lexical Unit).

From an epigraphic perspective, IbiScript requires that every significant line of text—that is, any line clearly identifiable on the support—be explicitly marked in the code. This is achieved by appending the notation (illustrated below) at the end of the line, as if notifying the system of a carriage return by analogy.

Should the user forget to insert an explicit line break at the final line of text (e.g., in the case of single-line inscriptions), IbiScript will automatically supply it.

Syntax

A single slash / optionally followed by a natural number for explicit line numbering.

Overview

• 𝑛ᵟ = an optional number 𝑛 ∈ ℕ (natural numbers).
• ↵ = a new line
• νₐᵟ = any natural number or none.
• νₑᵟ = n EpiDoc attribute followed by a natural number or none.

Examples

/

/2

abc
def

abc/
def

EpiDoc Outputs

/

<ab>
    <lb/>
</ab>

/2

<ab>
    <lb n="2"/>
</ab>

abc
def

<ab>abcdef</ab>

abc/
def

<ab>
    <lb/>abcdef</ab>

Structural Analysis (Conceptual AST)

/

LineBreak

/2

LineBreak(n=2)

abc
def

Plain("abc")
NL
Plain("def")

abc/
def

Plain("abc")
LineBreak
NL
Plain("def")

Remarks

Since standard carriage returns (i.e., those inserted with the “Enter” key) are non-significant, inscriptions consisting of very short lines can be written on a single line of code, e.g., line1/line2/line3/.

Word Break

Indicates a word break, marking the exact point where a sequence of signs or a word is interrupted, such as by a line break or a physical fracture in the epigraphic medium.

This node solely describes a graphical or positional event and does not imply a linguistic division: the actual separation or categorisation of lexical units is instead managed using the specific notation provided by LexicalUnit.

Syntax

A hyphen -.

Overview

Examples

-

-abc

abc-

ab-c

EpiDoc Outputs

-

<ab>
    <lb break="no"/>
</ab>

-abc

<ab>
    <lb break="no"/>abc</ab>

abc-

<ab>abc<lb break="no"/>
</ab>

ab-c

<ab>ab<lb break="no"/>c</ab>

Structural Analysis (Conceptual AST)

-

WordBreak

-abc

WordBreak
Plain("abc")

abc-

Plain("abc")
WordBreak

ab-c

Plain("ab")
WordBreak
Plain("c")

Text Language

Notation used to identify the language of the inscription or part of it.

Syntax

Any valid metadata key followed by an equal sign = and a valid #link(“https:

Overview

• kₘ = any valid metadata key (listed below).
• Cᵣ = RFC 5646 language code.
• Cᵥ = validated language code.

Supported Metadata Keys

Examples

$lang=latn$ abc /

$language=pal-Phli$ 𐭠𐭡𐭢 /

EpiDoc Outputs

$lang=latn$ abc /

<ab xml:lang="latn">
    <lb/> abc</ab>

$language=pal-Phli$ 𐭠𐭡𐭢 /

<ab xml:lang="pal-Phli">
    <lb/> 𐭠𐭡𐭢</ab>

Structural Analysis (Conceptual AST)

$lang=latn$ abc /

Language(latn)
WS
Plain("abc")
LineBreak

$language=pal-Phli$ 𐭠𐭡𐭢 /

Language(pal-Phli)
WS
Plain("𐭠𐭡𐭢")
LineBreak

Text Direction

Notation used to denote the direction of writing, essential for retrograde (right-to-left) or boustrophedon (alternating) inscriptions.

Syntax

A hyphen - followed by the greater-than sign > for the rightward arrow, or a hyphen - preceded by the less-than sign < for the leftward arrow, enclosed within the dollar-sign wrapper $…$.

Overview

Examples

$->$ abc /

$<-$ 𐭠𐭡𐭢 /

EpiDoc Outputs

$->$ abc /

<ab>
    <lb style="text-direction:l-to-r"/> abc</ab>

$<-$ 𐭠𐭡𐭢 /

<ab>
    <lb style="text-direction:r-to-l"/> 𐭠𐭡𐭢</ab>

Structural Analysis (Conceptual AST)

$->$ abc /

Direction(→)
WS
Plain("abc")
LineBreak

$<-$ 𐭠𐭡𐭢 /

Direction(←)
WS
Plain("𐭠𐭡𐭢")
LineBreak

Text Subdivision

Indicates that the following text is part of the subsection indicated by the notation.

Syntax

Any valid metadata key (see below) followed by an equal sign =, a free-text identifier for the selected text subdivision, and an optional certainty notation, all enclosed in dollar signs $…$.

Overview

• kₘ = any valid metadata key (listed below).
• Lᵥ = validated level code (subdivision).
• iₚ = free text identifier of the subdivision.
• ‽ᵟ ∈ {?, !, ε} = uncertainty marker ?, certainty marker !, or empty string (ε).
• γ ∈ {Low, High, Medium} = certainty level corresponding to the marker used in the notation.
• ◇ᵟ ∈ {⯑, ⯁, ε} = rendering of the uncertainty/certainty marker in the notation or empty string (ε).

Supported Metadata Keys

Examples

$sect=First section$ abc /

$frag=4?$ abc /

EpiDoc Outputs

$sect=First section$ abc /

<ab>
    <lb/>
</ab>
<div type="textpart" subtype="sect" n="First section" cert="medium">
    <ab> abc</ab>
</div>

$frag=4?$ abc /

<ab>
    <lb/>
</ab>
<div type="textpart" subtype="fr" n="4" cert="low">
    <ab> abc</ab>
</div>

Structural Analysis (Conceptual AST)

$sect=First section$ abc /

TextPart(sect First section, medium)
WS
Plain("abc")
LineBreak

$frag=4?$ abc /

TextPart(fr 4, low)
WS
Plain("abc")
LineBreak

Lexical Unit Boundary

Represents the logical boundary of a lexical unit (word). It is used to mark the end of a word regardless of its physical layout on the support, allowing the system to reconstruct units split by fractures or line breaks.

Syntax

Any number of Unicode characters enclosed within ampersands &…&. Optionally, linguistic annotations can follow after a semicolon ;.

If the user wishes to easily identify a series of lexical units, the entire sequence can be enclosed within ampersands &…& with individual units separated by a forward slash /.

Overview

• 𝑆 = any sign (Unicode character) ∉ STOP_SET (cf. Technical Catalogue of Symbols) otherwise preceded by the escape character \.
• 𝑁 = number of characters (represented by char or digits).
• λₛ = label, which may also be in abbreviated form, for linguistic annotation.
• λᵥ = value of the linguistic annotation (plausibility scale).
• λₖ = canonical key for the linguistic annotation derived from the corresponding label.

Examples

&ab-c&

&*ab* [c]&

&
abc defg  hijk l
&

&abc/def/hijk&

EpiDoc Outputs

&ab-c&

<ab>
    <w>ab<lb break="no"/>c</w>
</ab>

&*ab* [c]&

<ab>
    <w>
        <unclear cert="medium">ab</unclear> 
        <supplied reason="lost" cert="medium">c</supplied>
    </w>
</ab>

&
abc defg  hijk l
&

<ab>
    <w>abc defg hijk l</w>
</ab>

&abc/def/hijk&

<ab>
    <w>abcdefhijk</w>
</ab>

Structural Analysis (Conceptual AST)

&ab-c&

LexicalUnit
  Plain("ab")
  WordBreak
  Plain("c")

&*ab* [c]&

LexicalUnit
  Unclear[medium, legibility: normal]
    Plain("ab")
  WS
  Supplied[medium]
    Plain("c")

&
abc defg  hijk l
&

LexicalUnit
  Plain("abc")
  WS
  Plain("defg")
  WS
  Plain("hijk")
  WS
  Plain("l")

&abc/def/hijk&

LexicalUnit
  Plain("abc")
  LineBreak
  Plain("def")
  LineBreak
  Plain("hijk")

Phenomena

A set of notations designed to describe the state of the textual tradition, the condition of the support, and the variations that occurred during the genesis or transmission of the text.

Vacat

A space intentionally left empty by the inscriber of the text, not due to a loss of the support, but for purposes of layout or textual distinction.

Delimiters

Uninscribed Signs or Spaces (v. or vac.)

Uninscribed signs or spaces.

Syntax

The greather-than sign > followed by the letter c for “character” and a number corresponding to the character count (followed by the optional precision notation), the whole enclosed within square brackets […].

Overview

• 𝑛 ∈ ℕ (natural numbers).
• ‽ᵟ ∈ {?, !, ε} = uncertainty marker ?, certainty marker !, or empty string (ε).
• ◇ᵟ ∈ {⯑, ⯁, ε} = rendering of the uncertainty/certainty marker in the notation or empty string (ε).
• γ ∈ {Low, High, Medium} = certainty level corresponding to the marker used in the notation.
• 𝑁 = number of characters (represented by char or digits).

Examples

[>c]

[>c3]

[>c7?]

[>c5!]

EpiDoc Outputs

[>c]

<ab>
    <space quantity="1" unit="character" precision="medium"/>
</ab>

[>c3]

<ab>
    <space quantity="3" unit="character" precision="medium"/>
</ab>

[>c7?]

<ab>
    <space quantity="7" unit="character" precision="low"/>
</ab>

[>c5!]

<ab>
    <space quantity="5" unit="character" precision="high"/>
</ab>

Structural Analysis (Conceptual AST)

[>c]

Vacat(char. 1, medium)

[>c3]

Vacat(char. 3, medium)

[>c7?]

Vacat(char. 7, low)

[>c5!]

Vacat(char. 5, high)

Uninscribed Remainder of Line (vacat)

The uninscribed remainder of the line.

Syntax

The greather-than sign ! followed by the letter l for “line” and a number corresponding to the character count (followed by the optional precision notation), the whole enclosed within square brackets […].

Overview

• L = non-digit genitive plural of the Latin cardinal numeral corresponding to N.
• 𝑛 ∈ ℕ (natural numbers).
• ‽ᵟ ∈ {?, !, ε} = uncertainty marker ?, certainty marker !, or empty string (ε).
• ◇ᵟ ∈ {⯑, ⯁, ε} = rendering of the uncertainty/certainty marker in the notation or empty string (ε).
• γ ∈ {Low, High, Medium} = certainty level corresponding to the marker used in the notation.

Examples

[>l]

[>l2]

[>l4?]

[>l3!]

EpiDoc Outputs

[>l]

<ab>
    <space extent="1" unit="line" precision="medium"/>
</ab>

[>l2]

<ab>
    <space extent="2" unit="line" precision="medium"/>
</ab>

[>l4?]

<ab>
    <space extent="4" unit="line" precision="low"/>
</ab>

[>l3!]

<ab>
    <space extent="3" unit="line" precision="high"/>
</ab>

Structural Analysis (Conceptual AST)

[>l]

Vacat(lin. 1, medium)

[>l2]

Vacat(lin. 2, medium)

[>l4?]

Vacat(lin. 4, low)

[>l3!]

Vacat(lin. 3, high)

Gaps

Physical losses of the support that resulted in the disappearance of portions of the original text; the extent of the loss can be certain, estimated, or unknown.

Delimiters

Gap of Known Extent

A gap of known extent. The editor indicates a precise number of missing characters by repeating a gap sign inside square brackets.

Syntax

Any natural number flanked by double full stops .…., followed by the optional precision notation the whole enclosed within square brackets […].

Overview

• 𝑁 = number of characters (represented by char or digits).
• 𝑛 ∈ ℕ (natural numbers).
• ‽ᵟ ∈ {?, !, ε} = uncertainty marker ?, certainty marker !, or empty string (ε).
• γ ∈ {Low, High, Medium} = certainty level corresponding to the marker used in the notation.
• ◇ᵟ ∈ {⯑, ⯁, ε} = rendering of the uncertainty/certainty marker in the notation or empty string (ε).

Examples

[.7.]

[.3.?]

[.4.!]

EpiDoc Outputs

[.7.]

<ab>
    <gap reason="lost" quantity="7" unit="character" precision="medium"/>
</ab>

[.3.?]

<ab>
    <supplied reason="lost" cert="low">.3.</supplied>
</ab>

[.4.!]

<ab>
    <supplied reason="lost" cert="high">.4.</supplied>
</ab>

Structural Analysis (Conceptual AST)

[.7.]

Gap(known=7, medium)

[.3.?]

Supplied[low]
  Plain(".3.")

[.4.!]

Supplied[high]
  Plain(".4.")

Gap of Ranged Extent

A gap whose extent is expressed as a plausible numeric range.

Syntax

Any natural numbers couple separated by an hyphen - (followed by the optional precision notation), enclosed between square brackets […].

Overview

• 𝑛₁, 𝑛₂ ∈ ℕ (natural numbers), with 𝑛₁ ≤ 𝑛₂.
• 𝑁 = number of characters (represented by char or digits).
• 𝑛 ∈ ℕ (natural numbers).
• ‽ᵟ ∈ {?, !, ε} = uncertainty marker ?, certainty marker !, or empty string (ε).
• γ ∈ {Low, High, Medium} = certainty level corresponding to the marker used in the notation.
• ◇ᵟ ∈ {⯑, ⯁, ε} = rendering of the uncertainty/certainty marker in the notation or empty string (ε).

Examples

[1-3]

[2-4?]

[5-6!]

EpiDoc Outputs

[1-3]

<ab>
    <gap reason="lost" atLeast="1" atMost="3" unit="character" precision="medium"/>
</ab>

[2-4?]

<ab>
    <gap reason="lost" atLeast="2" atMost="4" unit="character" precision="low"/>
</ab>

[5-6!]

<ab>
    <gap reason="lost" atLeast="5" atMost="6" unit="character" precision="high"/>
</ab>

Structural Analysis (Conceptual AST)

[1-3]

Gap(range=1–3, medium)

[2-4?]

Gap(range=2–4, low)

[5-6!]

Gap(range=5–6, high)

Gap of Unknown Extent

A gap of unknown extent.

Syntax

Zero or more white spaces enclosed between square brackets […].

Overview

• 𝑊 = any white space.
• 𝑁₀₋ₙ = zero or more repetitions.
• ‽ᵟ ∈ {?, !, ε} = uncertainty marker ?, certainty marker !, or empty string (ε).
• γ ∈ {Low, High, Medium} = certainty level corresponding to the marker used in the notation.
• ◇ᵟ ∈ {⯑, ⯁, ε} = rendering of the uncertainty/certainty marker in the notation or empty string (ε).

Examples

[]

[?]

[!]

EpiDoc Outputs

[]

<ab>
    <gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character" precision="medium"/>
</ab>

[?]

<ab>
    <gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character" precision="low"/>
</ab>

[!]

<ab>
    <gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character" precision="high"/>
</ab>

Structural Analysis (Conceptual AST)

[]

Gap(unknown, medium)

[?]

Gap(unknown, low)

[!]

Gap(unknown, high)

Fractures

Breaks in the inscribed support, with the Fracture indicated after which the text is present, without providing any details about the text that follows.

Syntax

• Left-hand fracture: the less-than sign < enclosed within curly brackets {…} (cf. Example 1).
• Right-hand fracture: the greater-than sign > enclosed within curly brackets {…} (cf. Example 2).
• Top fracture: the caret ^ enclosed within curly brackets {…} (cf. Example 3).
• Bottom fracture: the letter v enclosed within curly brackets {…} (cf. Example 4).

Overview

Unclear Signs

Signs remaining on the support but difficult to read due to physical degradation or poor preservation.

Delimiters

Internally Allowed Constructs

Unclear As-Written Signs

Signs whose remaining traces on the support are readable enough to be restored. Alternative readings may be possible.

Syntax

Any number of Unicode characters enclosed (followed by the optional certainty notation) between asterisks *…*. The optional " operator, placed before the final delimiter, can be used to indicate a particularly difficult reading.

Overview

• 𝑆 = any sign (Unicode character) ∉ STOP_SET (cf. Technical Catalogue of Symbols) otherwise preceded by the escape character \.
• 𝑁 = number of characters (represented by char or digits).
• 𝑛 ∈ ℕ (natural numbers).
• ‽ᵟ ∈ {?, !, ε} = uncertainty marker ?, certainty marker !, or empty string (ε).
• γ ∈ {Low, High, Medium} = certainty level corresponding to the marker used in the notation.
• ◇ᵟ ∈ {⯑, ⯁, ε} = rendering of the uncertainty/certainty marker in the notation or empty string (ε).
• λ = legibility level (normal or severe) based on the presence or absence of the " operator.
• ~ᵟ = severe legibility marker ~ or nothing in case of normal legibility.

See Unclear Signs for the automatic rectification performed by the formatter to improve legibility.

Examples

*abc*

*abc?*

*abc!*

*abc"*

*abc?"*

*abc!"*

EpiDoc Outputs

*abc*

<ab>
    <unclear cert="medium">abc</unclear>
</ab>

*abc?*

<ab>
    <unclear cert="low">abc</unclear>
</ab>

*abc!*

<ab>
    <unclear cert="high">abc</unclear>
</ab>

*abc"*

<ab>
    <unclear cert="medium" reason="illegible">abc</unclear>
</ab>

*abc?"*

<ab>
    <unclear cert="low" reason="illegible">abc</unclear>
</ab>

*abc!"*

<ab>
    <unclear cert="high" reason="illegible">abc</unclear>
</ab>

Structural Analysis (Conceptual AST)

*abc*

Unclear[medium, legibility: normal]
  Plain("abc")

*abc?*

Unclear[low, legibility: normal]
  Plain("abc")

*abc!*

Unclear[high, legibility: normal]
  Plain("abc")

*abc"*

Unclear[medium, legibility: severe]
  Plain("abc")

*abc?"*

Unclear[low, legibility: severe]
  Plain("abc")

*abc!"*

Unclear[high, legibility: severe]
  Plain("abc")

Unclear Signs Seen by Previous Editors

Signs seen by previous editors whose remaining traces on the support are readable enough to be restored. Alternative readings may be possible.

Syntax

Any notation of a phenomenon (IbiUnit) allowed within PreviousSeen wrapped by low lines _…_ and enclosed between asterisks *…*. The optional " operator, placed before the final delimiter, can be used to indicate a particularly difficult reading.

Overview

• ⊙ ∈ PREVIOUS_SEEN_ALLOWED = any phenomena allowed within PreviousSeen (notation, AST or rendering depending on its placement).
• ‽ᵟ ∈ {?, !, ε} = uncertainty marker ?, certainty marker !, or empty string (ε).
• γ ∈ {Low, High, Medium} = certainty level corresponding to the marker used in the notation.
• ◇ᵟ ∈ {⯑, ⯁, ε} = rendering of the uncertainty/certainty marker in the notation or empty string (ε).
• λ = legibility level (normal or severe) based on the presence or absence of the " operator.
• ~ᵟ = severe legibility marker ~ or nothing in case of normal legibility.

See Unclear Signs for the automatic rectification performed by the formatter to improve legibility.

Examples

*_abc_*

*_abc_?*

*_abc_!*

*_abc_"*

*_abc_?"*

*_abc_!"*

EpiDoc Outputs

*_abc_*

<ab>
    <unclear cert="medium">
        <supplied reason="lost" evidence="previouseditor" cert="medium">abc</supplied>
    </unclear>
</ab>

*_abc_?*

<ab>
    <unclear cert="low">
        <supplied reason="lost" evidence="previouseditor" cert="medium">abc</supplied>
    </unclear>
</ab>

*_abc_!*

<ab>
    <unclear cert="high">
        <supplied reason="lost" evidence="previouseditor" cert="medium">abc</supplied>
    </unclear>
</ab>

*_abc_"*

<ab>
    <unclear cert="medium" reason="illegible">
        <supplied reason="lost" evidence="previouseditor" cert="medium">abc</supplied>
    </unclear>
</ab>

*_abc_?"*

<ab>
    <unclear cert="low" reason="illegible">
        <supplied reason="lost" evidence="previouseditor" cert="medium">abc</supplied>
    </unclear>
</ab>

*_abc_!"*

<ab>
    <unclear cert="high" reason="illegible">
        <supplied reason="lost" evidence="previouseditor" cert="medium">abc</supplied>
    </unclear>
</ab>

Structural Analysis (Conceptual AST)

*_abc_*

Unclear[medium, legibility: normal]
  PreviousSeen[medium]
    Plain("abc")

*_abc_?*

Unclear[low, legibility: normal]
  PreviousSeen[medium]
    Plain("abc")

*_abc_!*

Unclear[high, legibility: normal]
  PreviousSeen[medium]
    Plain("abc")

*_abc_"*

Unclear[medium, legibility: severe]
  PreviousSeen[medium]
    Plain("abc")

*_abc_?"*

Unclear[low, legibility: severe]
  PreviousSeen[medium]
    Plain("abc")

*_abc_!"*

Unclear[high, legibility: severe]
  PreviousSeen[medium]
    Plain("abc")

Supplied Signs

Signs no longer visible or never inscribed, critically restored by the editor to recover the meaning of the text.

Delimiters

Internally Allowed Constructs

Supplied As-Written Signs

Signs restored by the editor as once having been inscribed but now lost.

Syntax

Any number of Unicode characters (followed by the optional certainty notation) enclosed between square brackets […].

Overview

• 𝑆 = any sign (Unicode character) ∉ STOP_SET (cf. Technical Catalogue of Symbols) otherwise preceded by the escape character \.
• 𝑁 = number of characters (represented by char or digits).
• 𝑛 ∈ ℕ (natural numbers).
• ◇ᵟ ∈ {⯑, ⯁, ε} = rendering of the uncertainty/certainty marker in the notation or empty string (ε).
• γ ∈ {Low, High, Medium} = certainty level corresponding to the marker used in the notation.

Examples

[abc]

[abc?]

[abc!]

EpiDoc Outputs

[abc]

<ab>
    <supplied reason="lost" cert="medium">abc</supplied>
</ab>

[abc?]

<ab>
    <supplied reason="lost" cert="low">abc</supplied>
</ab>

[abc!]

<ab>
    <supplied reason="lost" cert="high">abc</supplied>
</ab>

Structural Analysis (Conceptual AST)

[abc]

Supplied[medium]
  Plain("abc")

[abc?]

Supplied[low]
  Plain("abc")

[abc!]

Supplied[high]
  Plain("abc")

Testimonies by Earlier Editors

Signs, gaps, or epigraphic phenomena no longer visible through direct autopsy on the support, but documented in earlier scholarly editions or notebooks.

Delimiters

Internally Allowed Constructs

Signs Seen by Earlier Editors

Signs seen by earlier editors but no longer visible on the support.

Syntax

An optional sequence of witness identifiers separated by semicolons ; interrupted by a colon :, followed by any number of Unicode characters (followed by the optional certainty notation) enclosed between low lines _…_.

Overview

• ω;…:ᵟ = optional series of witnesses.
• ω,…ᵟ = parsed optional series of witnesses.
• ω;…ol.ᵟ = rendering of the optional series of witnesses followed by the abbreviation of the Latin olim.
• 𝑆 = any sign (Unicode character) ∉ STOP_SET (cf. Technical Catalogue of Symbols) otherwise preceded by the escape character \.
• 𝑁 = number of characters (represented by char or digits).
• ⊙ ∈ PREVIOUS_SEEN_ALLOWED = any phenomena allowed within PreviousSeen (notation, AST or rendering depending on its placement).
• ‽ᵟ ∈ {?, !, ε} = uncertainty marker ?, certainty marker !, or empty string (ε).
• γ ∈ {Low, High, Medium} = certainty level corresponding to the marker used in the notation.
• ◇ᵟ ∈ {⯑, ⯁, ε} = rendering of the uncertainty/certainty marker in the notation or empty string (ε).

Examples

_abc_

_A:abc?_

_A;B:abc!_

EpiDoc Outputs

_abc_

<ab>
    <supplied reason="lost" evidence="previouseditor" cert="medium">abc</supplied>
</ab>

_A:abc?_

<ab>
    <supplied reason="lost" evidence="previouseditor" cert="low" source="#A">abc</supplied>
</ab>

_A;B:abc!_

<ab>
    <supplied reason="lost" evidence="previouseditor" cert="high" source="#A #B">abc</supplied>
</ab>

Structural Analysis (Conceptual AST)

_abc_

PreviousSeen[medium]
  Plain("abc")

_A:abc?_

PreviousSeen[low, witnesses: A]
  Plain("abc")

_A;B:abc!_

PreviousSeen[high, witnesses: A; B]
  Plain("abc")

Gap of Known Extent Seen by Previous Editors

A gap of known extent seen by earlier editors but no longer visible on the support. The editor indicates a precise number of missing characters by repeating a gap sign inside square brackets.

Syntax

• An optional sequence of witness identifiers separated by semicolons ; interrupted by a colon :, followed by the notation for a gap of known extent, all wrapped by low lines _…_.

Overview

• ω;…:ᵟ = optional series of witnesses.
• ω,…ᵟ = parsed optional series of witnesses.
• ω;…ol.ᵟ = rendering of the optional series of witnesses followed by the abbreviation of the Latin olim.
• ⊙ ∈ PREVIOUS_SEEN_ALLOWED = the relevant gap notation.
• ‽ᵟ ∈ {?, !, ε} = uncertainty marker ?, certainty marker !, or empty string (ε).
• γ ∈ {Low, High, Medium} = certainty level corresponding to the marker used in the notation.
• ◇ᵟ ∈ {⯑, ⯁, ε} = rendering of the uncertainty/certainty marker in the notation or empty string (ε).

Examples

_[.7.]?_

_A:[.4.]_

_A;B:[.2.]!_

EpiDoc Outputs

_[.7.]?_

<ab>
    <supplied reason="lost" evidence="previouseditor" cert="low">
        <gap reason="lost" quantity="7" unit="character" precision="medium"/>
    </supplied>
</ab>

_A:[.4.]_

<ab>
    <supplied reason="lost" evidence="previouseditor" cert="medium" source="#A">
        <gap reason="lost" quantity="4" unit="character" precision="medium"/>
    </supplied>
</ab>

_A;B:[.2.]!_

<ab>
    <supplied reason="lost" evidence="previouseditor" cert="high" source="#A #B">
        <gap reason="lost" quantity="2" unit="character" precision="medium"/>
    </supplied>
</ab>

Structural Analysis (Conceptual AST)

_[.7.]?_

PreviousSeen[low]
  Gap(known=7, medium)

_A:[.4.]_

PreviousSeen[medium, witnesses: A]
  Gap(known=4, medium)

_A;B:[.2.]!_

PreviousSeen[high, witnesses: A; B]
  Gap(known=2, medium)

Gap of Ranged Extent Seen by Previous Editors

A gap whose extent is expressed as a plausible numeric range, seen by earlier editors but no longer visible on the support.

Syntax

An optional sequence of witness identifiers separated by semicolons ; interrupted by a colon :, followed by the notation for a gap of ranged extent, all wrapped by low lines _…_.

Overview

• ω;…:ᵟ = optional series of witnesses.
• ω,…ᵟ = parsed optional series of witnesses.
• ω;…ol.ᵟ = rendering of the optional series of witnesses followed by the abbreviation of the Latin olim.
• ⊙ ∈ PREVIOUS_SEEN_ALLOWED = the relevant gap notation.
• ‽ᵟ ∈ {?, !, ε} = uncertainty marker ?, certainty marker !, or empty string (ε).
• γ ∈ {Low, High, Medium} = certainty level corresponding to the marker used in the notation.
• ◇ᵟ ∈ {⯑, ⯁, ε} = rendering of the uncertainty/certainty marker in the notation or empty string (ε).

Examples

_[1-3]_

_A:[2-5]?_

_A;B:[1-4]!_

EpiDoc Outputs

_[1-3]_

<ab>
    <supplied reason="lost" evidence="previouseditor" cert="medium">
        <gap reason="lost" atLeast="1" atMost="3" unit="character" precision="medium"/>
    </supplied>
</ab>

_A:[2-5]?_

<ab>
    <supplied reason="lost" evidence="previouseditor" cert="low" source="#A">
        <gap reason="lost" atLeast="2" atMost="5" unit="character" precision="medium"/>
    </supplied>
</ab>

_A;B:[1-4]!_

<ab>
    <supplied reason="lost" evidence="previouseditor" cert="high" source="#A #B">
        <gap reason="lost" atLeast="1" atMost="4" unit="character" precision="medium"/>
    </supplied>
</ab>

Structural Analysis (Conceptual AST)

_[1-3]_

PreviousSeen[medium]
  Gap(range=1–3, medium)

_A:[2-5]?_

PreviousSeen[low, witnesses: A]
  Gap(range=2–5, medium)

_A;B:[1-4]!_

PreviousSeen[high, witnesses: A; B]
  Gap(range=1–4, medium)

Gap of Unknown Extent Seen by Previous Editors

A gap of unknown extent seen by earlier editors but no longer visible on the support.

Syntax

An optional sequence of witness identifiers separated by semicolons ; interrupted by a colon :, followed by the notation for a gap of unknwon extent, all wrapped by low lines _…_.

Overview

• ω;…:ᵟ = optional series of witnesses.
• ω,…ᵟ = parsed optional series of witnesses.
• ω;…ol.ᵟ = rendering of the optional series of witnesses followed by the abbreviation of the Latin olim.
• ⊙ ∈ PREVIOUS_SEEN_ALLOWED = the relevant gap notation.
• ‽ᵟ ∈ {?, !, ε} = uncertainty marker ?, certainty marker !, or empty string (ε).
• γ ∈ {Low, High, Medium} = certainty level corresponding to the marker used in the notation.
• ◇ᵟ ∈ {⯑, ⯁, ε} = rendering of the uncertainty/certainty marker in the notation or empty string (ε).

Examples

_[]_

_A:[]?_

_A;B:[]!_

EpiDoc Outputs

_[]_

<ab>
    <supplied reason="lost" evidence="previouseditor" cert="medium">
        <gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character" precision="medium"/>
    </supplied>
</ab>

_A:[]?_

<ab>
    <supplied reason="lost" evidence="previouseditor" cert="low" source="#A">
        <gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character" precision="medium"/>
    </supplied>
</ab>

_A;B:[]!_

<ab>
    <supplied reason="lost" evidence="previouseditor" cert="high" source="#A #B">
        <gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character" precision="medium"/>
    </supplied>
</ab>

Structural Analysis (Conceptual AST)

_[]_

PreviousSeen[medium]
  Gap(unknown, medium)

_A:[]?_

PreviousSeen[low, witnesses: A]
  Gap(unknown, medium)

_A;B:[]!_

PreviousSeen[high, witnesses: A; B]
  Gap(unknown, medium)

Erasure Seen by Earlier Editors

Signs or spaces deliberately erased in antiquity, seen by earlier editors but no longer visible on the support.

Syntax

An optional sequence of witness identifiers separated by semicolons ; interrupted by a colon :, followed by any notation of a phenomenon (IbiUnit) allowed within Erasure, thus enclosed between double square brackets [[…]], wrapped by low lines _…_.

Overview

• ω;…:ᵟ = optional series of witnesses.
• ω,…ᵟ = parsed optional series of witnesses.
• ω;…ol.ᵟ = rendering of the optional series of witnesses followed by the abbreviation of the Latin olim.
• ⊙ ∈ ERASURE_ALLOWED = any phenomena allowed within Erasure (notation, AST or rendering depending on its placement).
• ‽ᵟ ∈ {?, !, ε} = uncertainty marker ?, certainty marker !, or empty string (ε).
• γ ∈ {Low, High, Medium} = certainty level corresponding to the marker used in the notation.
• ◇ᵟ ∈ {⯑, ⯁, ε} = rendering of the uncertainty/certainty marker in the notation or empty string (ε).

Examples

_[[abc]]_

_A:[[abc]]?_

_A;B:[[abc]]!_

EpiDoc Outputs

_[[abc]]_

<ab>
    <supplied reason="lost" evidence="previouseditor" cert="medium">
        <del cert="medium">
        </supplied>
    </del>
</supplied>
</ab>

_A:[[abc]]?_

<ab>
    <supplied reason="lost" evidence="previouseditor" cert="low" source="#A">
        <del cert="medium">
        </supplied>
    </del>
</supplied>
</ab>

_A;B:[[abc]]!_

<ab>
    <supplied reason="lost" evidence="previouseditor" cert="high" source="#A #B">
        <del cert="medium">
        </supplied>
    </del>
</supplied>
</ab>

Structural Analysis (Conceptual AST)

_[[abc]]_

PreviousSeen[medium]
  Erasure[medium]
    Plain("abc")

_A:[[abc]]?_

PreviousSeen[low, witnesses: A]
  Erasure[medium]
    Plain("abc")

_A;B:[[abc]]!_

PreviousSeen[high, witnesses: A; B]
  Erasure[medium]
    Plain("abc")

Ligature of Signs Seen by Earlier Editors

A ligature made of as-written signs seen by earlier editors but no longer visible on the support.

Syntax

An optional sequence of witness identifiers separated by semicolons ; interrupted by a colon :, followed by any notation of a phenomenon (IbiUnit) allowed within Ligature enclosed between equal signs =…= and wrapped by low lines _…_.

Overview

• ω;…:ᵟ = optional series of witnesses.
• ω,…ᵟ = parsed optional series of witnesses.
• ω;…ol.ᵟ = rendering of the optional series of witnesses followed by the abbreviation of the Latin olim.
• ⊙ ∈ LIGATURE_ALLOWED = any phenomena allowed within a Ligature (notation, AST or rendering depending on its placement).
• ‽ᵟ ∈ {?, !, ε} = uncertainty marker ?, certainty marker !, or empty string (ε).
• γ ∈ {Low, High, Medium} = certainty level corresponding to the marker used in the notation.
• ◇ᵟ ∈ {⯑, ⯁, ε} = rendering of the uncertainty/certainty marker in the notation or empty string (ε).

Examples

_=abc=_

_A:=abc=?_

_A;B:=abc=!_

EpiDoc Outputs

_=abc=_

<ab>
    <supplied reason="lost" evidence="previouseditor" cert="medium">
        <hi rend="ligature" cert="medium">abc</hi>
    </supplied>
</ab>

_A:=abc=?_

<ab>
    <supplied reason="lost" evidence="previouseditor" cert="low" source="#A">
        <hi rend="ligature" cert="medium">abc</hi>
    </supplied>
</ab>

_A;B:=abc=!_

<ab>
    <supplied reason="lost" evidence="previouseditor" cert="high" source="#A #B">
        <hi rend="ligature" cert="medium">abc</hi>
    </supplied>
</ab>

Structural Analysis (Conceptual AST)

_=abc=_

PreviousSeen[medium]
  Ligature[medium]
    Plain("abc")

_A:=abc=?_

PreviousSeen[low, witnesses: A]
  Ligature[medium]
    Plain("abc")

_A;B:=abc=!_

PreviousSeen[high, witnesses: A; B]
  Ligature[medium]
    Plain("abc")

Ancient Omissions

Signs, white spaces, or line breaks added by the editor because the inscriber of the text either omitted them or mistakenly inscribed other characters in their place.

Delimiters

Internally Allowed Constructs

Omitted Signs

As-written signs added by the editor which the inscriber of the text has either omitted or for which he has by error inscribed other signs.

Syntax

Any number of Unicode characters (followed by the optional certainty notation) enclosed between angle brackets <…>.

Overview

• 𝑆 = any sign (Unicode character) ∉ STOP_SET (cf. Technical Catalogue of Symbols) otherwise preceded by the escape character \.
• 𝑁 = number of characters (represented by char or digits).
• 𝑛 ∈ ℕ (natural numbers).
• ‽ᵟ ∈ {?, !, ε} = uncertainty marker ?, certainty marker !, or empty string (ε).
• γ ∈ {Low, High, Medium} = certainty level corresponding to the marker used in the notation.
• ◇ᵟ ∈ {⯑, ⯁, ε} = rendering of the uncertainty/certainty marker in the notation or empty string (ε).

Examples

<abc>

<abc?>

<abc!>

EpiDoc Outputs

<abc>

<ab>
    <supplied reason="omitted" cert="medium">abc</supplied>
</ab>

<abc?>

<ab>
    <supplied reason="omitted" cert="low">abc</supplied>
</ab>

<abc!>

<ab>
    <supplied reason="omitted" cert="high">abc</supplied>
</ab>

Structural Analysis (Conceptual AST)

<abc>

Omitted[medium]
  Plain("abc")

<abc?>

Omitted[low]
  Plain("abc")

<abc!>

Omitted[high]
  Plain("abc")

Omitted White Spaces

White spaces added by the editor which the inscriber of the text has either omitted or for which he has by error inscribed other signs. Omitted is in fact the only phenomenon that can contain isolated significant white spaces, which are ignored in other cases.

Syntax

Any white space character enclosed between angle brackets <…>.

Overview

• 𝑊 = any white space.
• 𝑛 ∈ ℕ (natural numbers).
• ‽ᵟ ∈ {?, !, ε} = uncertainty marker ?, certainty marker !, or empty string (ε).
• γ ∈ {Low, High, Medium} = certainty level corresponding to the marker used in the notation.
• ◇ᵟ ∈ {⯑, ⯁, ε} = rendering of the uncertainty/certainty marker in the notation or empty string (ε).

Examples

< >

<ab c>

< ab c ?>

<a bc!>

EpiDoc Outputs

< >

<ab>
    <supplied reason="omitted" cert="medium">
    </supplied>
</ab>

<ab c>

<ab>
    <supplied reason="omitted" cert="medium">abc</supplied>
</ab>

< ab c ?>

<ab>
    <supplied reason="omitted" cert="low">abc</supplied>
</ab>

<a bc!>

<ab>
    <supplied reason="omitted" cert="high">abc</supplied>
</ab>

Structural Analysis (Conceptual AST)

< >

Omitted[medium]

<ab c>

Omitted[medium]
  Plain("ab")
  Plain("c")

< ab c ?>

Omitted[low]
  Plain("ab")
  Plain("c")

<a bc!>

Omitted[high]
  Plain("a")
  Plain("bc")

Omitted Line Breaks

A physical line break in the text, optionally with explicit line numbering, added by the editor which the inscriber of the text has either omitted or for which he has by error inscribed something else. Standard newline characters are not evaluated as valid line breaks to allow for laxity and tolerance towards editorial typos.

Syntax

• A single number sign # optionally followed by a natural number for explicit line numbering, all enclosed within the dollar-sign wrapper $…$ and wrapped by angle brackets <…>.
• A single slash / optionally followed by a natural number for explicit line numbering, all enclosed within the dollar-sign wrapper $…$ and wrapped by angle brackets <…>.

Overview

• 𝑛ᵟ = an optional number 𝑛 ∈ ℕ (natural numbers).
• ↵ = a new line
• νₐᵟ = any natural number or none.
• νₑᵟ = n EpiDoc attribute followed by a natural number or none.
• 𝑛 ∈ ℕ (natural numbers).
• ‽ᵟ ∈ {?, !, ε} = uncertainty marker ?, certainty marker !, or empty string (ε).
• γ ∈ {Low, High, Medium} = certainty level corresponding to the marker used in the notation.
• ◇ᵟ ∈ {⯑, ⯁, ε} = rendering of the uncertainty/certainty marker in the notation or empty string (ε).

Examples

</>

</2?>

</4!>

EpiDoc Outputs

</>

<ab>
    <supplied reason="omitted" cert="medium">
    </supplied>
</ab>

</2?>

<ab>
    <supplied reason="omitted" cert="low">
    </supplied>
</ab>

</4!>

<ab>
    <supplied reason="omitted" cert="high">
    </supplied>
</ab>

Structural Analysis (Conceptual AST)

</>

Omitted[medium]
  LineBreak

</2?>

Omitted[low]
  LineBreak(n=2)

</4!>

Omitted[high]
  LineBreak(n=4)

Surplus of Signs

Signs inscribed by error which the editor considers should not be part of the text and are therefore expunged.

Delimiters

As-Written Superfluous Signs

Superfluous signs added in error by the inscriber of the text and excised by the editor.

Syntax

Any number of Unicode characters (followed by the optional certainty notation) enclosed between curly brackets {…}.

Overview

[{𝑆×𝑁‽ᵟ}], [rust [Surplus { content: [Plain("𝑆×𝑁")], cert: γ }], [{𝑆×𝑁◇ᵟ}], )

• 𝑆 = any sign (Unicode character) ∉ STOP_SET (cf. Technical Catalogue of Symbols) otherwise preceded by the escape character \.
• 𝑁 = number of characters (represented by char or digits).
• ‽ᵟ ∈ {?, !, ε} = uncertainty marker ?, certainty marker !, or empty string (ε).
• γ ∈ {Low, High, Medium} = certainty level corresponding to the marker used in the notation.
• ◇ᵟ ∈ {⯑, ⯁, ε} = rendering of the uncertainty/certainty marker in the notation or empty string (ε).

Examples

{abc}

{abc?}

{abc!}

EpiDoc Outputs

{abc}

<ab>
    <surplus cert="medium">abc</surplus>
</ab>

{abc?}

<ab>
    <surplus cert="low">abc</surplus>
</ab>

{abc!}

<ab>
    <surplus cert="high">abc</surplus>
</ab>

Structural Analysis (Conceptual AST)

{abc}

Surplus[medium]
  Plain("abc")

{abc?}

Surplus[low]
  Plain("abc")

{abc!}

Surplus[high]
  Plain("abc")

Superfluous Gap of Known Extent

A superfluous gap of known extent added in error by the inscriber of the text and excised by the editor. The editor indicates a precise number of missing characters by repeating a gap sign inside square brackets.

Syntax

The notation for a gap of known extent placed among square brackets […] and enclosed between curly brackets {…}.

Overview

• ⊙ ∈ PREVIOUS_SEEN_ALLOWED = the relevant gap notation.
• ‽ᵟ ∈ {?, !, ε} = uncertainty marker ?, certainty marker !, or empty string (ε).
• γ ∈ {Low, High, Medium} = certainty level corresponding to the marker used in the notation.
• ◇ᵟ ∈ {⯑, ⯁, ε} = rendering of the uncertainty/certainty marker in the notation or empty string (ε).

Examples

{[.5.]?}

{[.3.]}

{[.4.]!}

EpiDoc Outputs

{[.5.]?}

<ab>
    <surplus cert="low">
        <gap reason="lost" quantity="5" unit="character" precision="medium"/>
    </surplus>
</ab>

{[.3.]}

<ab>
    <surplus cert="medium">
        <gap reason="lost" quantity="3" unit="character" precision="medium"/>
    </surplus>
</ab>

{[.4.]!}

<ab>
    <surplus cert="high">
        <gap reason="lost" quantity="4" unit="character" precision="medium"/>
    </surplus>
</ab>

Structural Analysis (Conceptual AST)

{[.5.]?}

Surplus[low]
  Gap(known=5, medium)

{[.3.]}

Surplus[medium]
  Gap(known=3, medium)

{[.4.]!}

Surplus[high]
  Gap(known=4, medium)

Superfluous Gap of Ranged Extent

A superfluous gap, whose extent is expressed as a plausible numeric range, added in error by the inscriber of the text and excised by the editor.

Syntax

The notation for a gap of ranged extent enclosed between curly brackets {…}.

Overview

• ⊙ ∈ PREVIOUS_SEEN_ALLOWED = the relevant gap notation.
• ‽ᵟ ∈ {?, !, ε} = uncertainty marker ?, certainty marker !, or empty string (ε).
• γ ∈ {Low, High, Medium} = certainty level corresponding to the marker used in the notation.
• ◇ᵟ ∈ {⯑, ⯁, ε} = rendering of the uncertainty/certainty marker in the notation or empty string (ε).

Examples

{[2-4]}

{[1-5]?}

{[3-6]!}

EpiDoc Outputs

{[2-4]}

<ab>
    <surplus cert="medium">
        <gap reason="lost" atLeast="2" atMost="4" unit="character" precision="medium"/>
    </surplus>
</ab>

{[1-5]?}

<ab>
    <surplus cert="low">
        <gap reason="lost" atLeast="1" atMost="5" unit="character" precision="medium"/>
    </surplus>
</ab>

{[3-6]!}

<ab>
    <surplus cert="high">
        <gap reason="lost" atLeast="3" atMost="6" unit="character" precision="medium"/>
    </surplus>
</ab>

Structural Analysis (Conceptual AST)

{[2-4]}

Surplus[medium]
  Gap(range=2–4, medium)

{[1-5]?}

Surplus[low]
  Gap(range=1–5, medium)

{[3-6]!}

Surplus[high]
  Gap(range=3–6, medium)

Superfluous Gap of Unknown Extent

A superfluous gap of unknown extent added in error by the inscriber of the text and excised by the editor.

Syntax

The notation for a gap of unknwon extent enclosed between curly brackets {…}.

Overview

• ⊙ ∈ PREVIOUS_SEEN_ALLOWED = the relevant gap notation.
• ‽ᵟ ∈ {?, !, ε} = uncertainty marker ?, certainty marker !, or empty string (ε).
• γ ∈ {Low, High, Medium} = certainty level corresponding to the marker used in the notation.
• ◇ᵟ ∈ {⯑, ⯁, ε} = rendering of the uncertainty/certainty marker in the notation or empty string (ε).

Examples

{[]}

{[]?}

{[]!}

EpiDoc Outputs

{[]}

<ab>
    <surplus cert="medium">
        <gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character" precision="medium"/>
    </surplus>
</ab>

{[]?}

<ab>
    <surplus cert="low">
        <gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character" precision="medium"/>
    </surplus>
</ab>

{[]!}

<ab>
    <surplus cert="high">
        <gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character" precision="medium"/>
    </surplus>
</ab>

Structural Analysis (Conceptual AST)

{[]}

Surplus[medium]
  Gap(unknown, medium)

{[]?}

Surplus[low]
  Gap(unknown, medium)

{[]!}

Surplus[high]
  Gap(unknown, medium)

Unclear Superfluous Signs

Unclear remaining traces of superflous signs added in error by the inscriber of the text and excised by the editor.

Syntax

Any notation of a phenomenon (IbiUnit) allowed within Unclear wrapped by asterisks *…* and enclosed between curly brackets {…}.

Overview

• ⊙ ∈ UNCLEAR_ALLOWED = any phenomena allowed within Unclear (notation, AST or rendering depending on its placement).
• ‽ᵟ ∈ {?, !, ε} = uncertainty marker ?, certainty marker !, or empty string (ε).
• γ ∈ {Low, High, Medium} = certainty level corresponding to the marker used in the notation.
• ◇ᵟ ∈ {⯑, ⯁, ε} = rendering of the uncertainty/certainty marker in the notation or empty string (ε).

Examples

{*abc*}

{*abc*?}

{*abc*!}

EpiDoc Outputs

{*abc*}

<ab>
    <surplus cert="medium">
        <unclear cert="medium">abc</unclear>
    </surplus>
</ab>

{*abc*?}

<ab>
    <surplus cert="low">
        <unclear cert="medium">abc</unclear>
    </surplus>
</ab>

{*abc*!}

<ab>
    <surplus cert="high">
        <unclear cert="medium">abc</unclear>
    </surplus>
</ab>

Structural Analysis (Conceptual AST)

{*abc*}

Surplus[medium]
  Unclear[medium, legibility: normal]
    Plain("abc")

{*abc*?}

Surplus[low]
  Unclear[medium, legibility: normal]
    Plain("abc")

{*abc*!}

Surplus[high]
  Unclear[medium, legibility: normal]
    Plain("abc")

Signs Erased in Antiquity and Rasurae

Signs or portions of text intentionally removed from the support in antiquity by scraping or chiselling.

Delimiters

Internally Allowed Constructs

Erasure of As-Written Signs

Signs or spaces deliberately erased in antiquity, still legible.

Syntax

Any number of Unicode characters (followed by the optional certainty notation)

Overview

• 𝑆 = any sign (Unicode character) ∉ STOP_SET (cf. Technical Catalogue of Symbols) otherwise preceded by the escape character \.
• 𝑁 = number of characters (represented by char or digits).
• 𝑛 ∈ ℕ (natural numbers).
• ‽ᵟ ∈ {?, !, ε} = uncertainty marker ?, certainty marker !, or empty string (ε).
• γ ∈ {Low, High, Medium} = certainty level corresponding to the marker used in the notation.
• ◇ᵟ ∈ {⯑, ⯁, ε} = rendering of the uncertainty/certainty marker in the notation or empty string (ε).

See Signs Erased in Antiquity and Rasurae for the automatic rectification performed by the formatter to improve legibility.

Examples

[[abc]]

[[abc?]]

[[abc!]]

EpiDoc Outputs

[[abc]]

<ab>
    <del cert="medium">
    </supplied>
</del>
</ab>

[[abc?]]

<ab>
    <del cert="low">
    </supplied>
</del>
</ab>

[[abc!]]

<ab>
    <del cert="high">
    </supplied>
</del>
</ab>

Structural Analysis (Conceptual AST)

[[abc]]

Erasure[medium]
  Plain("abc")

[[abc?]]

Erasure[low]
  Plain("abc")

[[abc!]]

Erasure[high]
  Plain("abc")

Rasura (or Gap in Erasure) of Known Extent

A gap of known extent corresponding to an erasure or contained within an ancient erasure.

Syntax

The notation for a gap of known extent enclosed between double square brackets [[…]].

Overview

• ⊙ ∈ PREVIOUS_SEEN_ALLOWED = the relevant gap notation.
• ‽ᵟ ∈ {?, !, ε} = uncertainty marker ?, certainty marker !, or empty string (ε).
• γ ∈ {Low, High, Medium} = certainty level corresponding to the marker used in the notation.
• ◇ᵟ ∈ {⯑, ⯁, ε} = rendering of the uncertainty/certainty marker in the notation or empty string (ε).

See Signs Erased in Antiquity and Rasurae for the automatic rectification performed by the formatter to improve legibility.

Examples

[[[.5.]?]]

[[[.2.]]]

[[[.3.]!]]

EpiDoc Outputs

[[[.5.]?]]

<ab>
    <del cert="low">
    </supplied>
</del>
</ab>

[[[.2.]]]

<ab>
    <del cert="medium">
    </supplied>
</del>
</ab>

[[[.3.]!]]

<ab>
    <del cert="high">
    </supplied>
</del>
</ab>

Structural Analysis (Conceptual AST)

[[[.5.]?]]

Erasure[low]
  Gap(known=5, medium)

[[[.2.]]]

Erasure[medium]
  Gap(known=2, medium)

[[[.3.]!]]

Erasure[high]
  Gap(known=3, medium)

Rasura (or Gap in Erasure) of Ranged Extent

A gap whose extent is expressed as a plausible numeric range, corresponding to an erasure or contained within an ancient erasure.

Syntax

The notation for a gap of ranged extent enclosed between double square brackets [[…]].

Overview

• ⊙ ∈ PREVIOUS_SEEN_ALLOWED = the relevant gap notation.
• ‽ᵟ ∈ {?, !, ε} = uncertainty marker ?, certainty marker !, or empty string (ε).
• γ ∈ {Low, High, Medium} = certainty level corresponding to the marker used in the notation.
• ◇ᵟ ∈ {⯑, ⯁, ε} = rendering of the uncertainty/certainty marker in the notation or empty string (ε).

See Signs Erased in Antiquity and Rasurae for the automatic rectification performed by the formatter to improve legibility.

Examples

[[[3-6]]]

[[[4-5]?]]

[[[2-4]!]]

EpiDoc Outputs

[[[3-6]]]

<ab>
    <del cert="medium">
    </supplied>
</del>
</ab>

[[[4-5]?]]

<ab>
    <del cert="low">
    </supplied>
</del>
</ab>

[[[2-4]!]]

<ab>
    <del cert="high">
    </supplied>
</del>
</ab>

Structural Analysis (Conceptual AST)

[[[3-6]]]

Erasure[medium]
  Gap(range=3–6, medium)

[[[4-5]?]]

Erasure[low]
  Gap(range=4–5, medium)

[[[2-4]!]]

Erasure[high]
  Gap(range=2–4, medium)

Rasura (or Gap in Erasure) of Unknown Extent

A gap of unknown extent corresponding to an erasure or contained within an ancient erasure.

Syntax

The notation for a gap of unknwon extent enclosed between double square brackets [[…]].

Overview

[[[[⊙‽ᵟ]]], [rust Erasure { content: [Gap { ⊙ }], cert: γ }], [⟦[⊙]◇ᵟ⟧], )

• ⊙ ∈ PREVIOUS_SEEN_ALLOWED = the relevant gap notation.
• ‽ᵟ ∈ {?, !, ε} = uncertainty marker ?, certainty marker !, or empty string (ε).
• γ ∈ {Low, High, Medium} = certainty level corresponding to the marker used in the notation.
• ◇ᵟ ∈ {⯑, ⯁, ε} = rendering of the uncertainty/certainty marker in the notation or empty string (ε).

See Signs Erased in Antiquity and Rasurae for the automatic rectification performed by the formatter to improve legibility.

Examples

[[[]]]

[[[]?]]

[[[]!]]

EpiDoc Outputs

[[[]]]

<ab>
    <del cert="medium">
    </supplied>
</del>
</ab>

[[[]?]]

<ab>
    <del cert="low">
    </supplied>
</del>
</ab>

[[[]!]]

<ab>
    <del cert="high">
    </supplied>
</del>
</ab>

Structural Analysis (Conceptual AST)

[[[]]]

Erasure[medium]
  Gap(unknown, medium)

[[[]?]]

Erasure[low]
  Gap(unknown, medium)

[[[]!]]

Erasure[high]
  Gap(unknown, medium)

Erasure of Unclear Signs

Signs or spaces deliberately erased in antiquity whose reading is unclear.

Syntax

Any notation of a phenomenon (IbiUnit) allowed within Unclear wrapped by asterisks *…* and enclosed between double square brackets [[…]].

Overview

• ⊙ ∈ UNCLEAR_ALLOWED = any phenomena allowed within Unclear (notation, AST or rendering depending on its placement).
• ‽ᵟ ∈ {?, !, ε} = uncertainty marker ?, certainty marker !, or empty string (ε).
• γ ∈ {Low, High, Medium} = certainty level corresponding to the marker used in the notation.
• ◇ᵟ ∈ {⯑, ⯁, ε} = rendering of the uncertainty/certainty marker in the notation or empty string (ε).

See Signs Erased in Antiquity and Rasurae for the automatic rectification performed by the formatter to improve legibility.

Examples

[[*abc*]]

[[*abc*?]]

[[*abc*!]]

EpiDoc Outputs

[[*abc*]]

<ab>
    <del cert="medium">
    </supplied>
</del>
</ab>

[[*abc*?]]

<ab>
    <del cert="low">
    </supplied>
</del>
</ab>

[[*abc*!]]

<ab>
    <del cert="high">
    </supplied>
</del>
</ab>

Structural Analysis (Conceptual AST)

[[*abc*]]

Erasure[medium]
  Unclear[medium, legibility: normal]
    Plain("abc")

[[*abc*?]]

Erasure[low]
  Unclear[medium, legibility: normal]
    Plain("abc")

[[*abc*!]]

Erasure[high]
  Unclear[medium, legibility: normal]
    Plain("abc")

Erasure of Supplied Signs

Signs or spaces deliberately erased in antiquity whose reading has been supplied by the editor.

Syntax

Any notation of a phenomenon (IbiUnit) allowed within Supplied wrapped by square brackets […] and enclosed between double square brackets [[…]].

Overview

• ⊙ ∈ SUPPLIED_ALLOWED = any phenomena allowed within Supplied (notation, AST or rendering depending on its placement).
• ‽ᵟ ∈ {?, !, ε} = uncertainty marker ?, certainty marker !, or empty string (ε).
• γ ∈ {Low, High, Medium} = certainty level corresponding to the marker used in the notation.
• ◇ᵟ ∈ {⯑, ⯁, ε} = rendering of the uncertainty/certainty marker in the notation or empty string (ε).

See Signs Erased in Antiquity and Rasurae for the automatic rectification performed by the formatter to improve legibility.

Examples

[[[abc]]]

[[[abc]?]]

[[[abc]!]]

EpiDoc Outputs

[[[abc]]]

<ab>
    <del cert="medium">
        <supplied reason="lost" cert="medium">abc</supplied>
    </del>
</ab>

[[[abc]?]]

<ab>
    <del cert="low">
        <supplied reason="lost" cert="medium">abc</supplied>
    </del>
</ab>

[[[abc]!]]

<ab>
    <del cert="high">
        <supplied reason="lost" cert="medium">abc</supplied>
    </del>
</ab>

Structural Analysis (Conceptual AST)

[[[abc]]]

Erasure[medium]
  Supplied[medium]
    Plain("abc")

[[[abc]?]]

Erasure[low]
  Supplied[medium]
    Plain("abc")

[[[abc]!]]

Erasure[high]
  Supplied[medium]
    Plain("abc")

Erasure with Signs Seen by Earlier Editors

Signs or spaces deliberately erased in antiquity seen by earlier editors but no longer visible on the support.

Syntax

Any notation of a phenomenon (IbiUnit) allowed within PreviousSeen enclosed between double square brackets [[…]].

Overview

• 𝑆 = any sign (Unicode character) ∉ STOP_SET (cf. Technical Catalogue of Symbols) otherwise preceded by the escape character \.
• 𝑁 = number of characters (represented by char or digits).
• ⊙ ∈ PREVIOUS_SEEN_ALLOWED = any phenomena allowed within PreviousSeen (notation, AST or rendering depending on its placement).
• ‽ᵟ ∈ {?, !, ε} = uncertainty marker ?, certainty marker !, or empty string (ε).
• ◇ᵟ ∈ {⯑, ⯁, ε} = rendering of the uncertainty/certainty marker in the notation or empty string (ε).
• γ ∈ {Low, High, Medium} = certainty level corresponding to the marker used in the notation.

See Signs Erased in Antiquity and Rasurae for the automatic rectification performed by the formatter to improve legibility.

Examples

[[_abc_]]

[[_abc_?]]

[[_abc_!]]

EpiDoc Outputs

[[_abc_]]

<ab>
    <del cert="medium">
    </supplied>
</del>
</ab>

[[_abc_?]]

<ab>
    <del cert="low">
    </supplied>
</del>
</ab>

[[_abc_!]]

<ab>
    <del cert="high">
    </supplied>
</del>
</ab>

Structural Analysis (Conceptual AST)

[[_abc_]]

Erasure[medium]
  PreviousSeen[medium]
    Plain("abc")

[[_abc_?]]

Erasure[low]
  PreviousSeen[medium]
    Plain("abc")

[[_abc_!]]

Erasure[high]
  PreviousSeen[medium]
    Plain("abc")

Later Ancient Additions of Signs

Signs, words, or portions of text added to the support at a later time than the original drafting, often by a different hand.

Delimiters

Internally Allowed Constructs

Supported Metadata Keys

Addition of As-Written Signs

An addition by a later ancient hand of as-written signs.

Syntax

Any sequence of Unicode characters representing Plain content enclosed between plus signs +…+. Optional metadata can be written before the final + delimiter.

Overview

• 𝘏 = identifier sign of the hand (if specified in the optional annotations/metadata ¤ᵟ).
• 𝑆 = any sign (Unicode character) ∉ STOP_SET (cf. Technical Catalogue of Symbols) otherwise preceded by the escape character \.
• 𝑁 = number of characters (represented by char or digits).
• 𝑛 ∈ ℕ (natural numbers).
• ‽ᵟ ∈ {?, !, ε} = uncertainty marker ?, certainty marker !, or empty string (ε).
• γ ∈ {Low, High, Medium} = certainty level corresponding to the marker used in the notation.
• ◇ᵟ ∈ {⯑, ⯁, ε} = rendering of the uncertainty/certainty marker in the notation or empty string (ε).
• ¤ᵟ = optional annotations (metadata) supported by Addition (cf. Later Ancient Additions of Signs).

See Later Ancient Additions of Signs for the automatic rectification performed by the formatter to improve legibility.

Examples

+abc+

+abc?;h=c>d+

+abc!;manus=c;place=supra+

EpiDoc Outputs

+abc+

<ab>
    <add cert="medium">abc</add>
</ab>

+abc?;h=c>d+

<ab>
    <add cert="low">abc<app type="alternative"><lem><handShift new="#c"/>abc</lem><rdg><handShift new="#d"/>abc</rdg></app></add>
</ab>

+abc!;manus=c;place=supra+

<ab>
    <add place="above" cert="medium">abc<app type="alternative"><rdg><handShift new="#c"/>abc</rdg></app></add>
</ab>

Structural Analysis (Conceptual AST)

+abc+

Addition[medium]
  Plain("abc")

+abc?;h=c>d+

Addition[low][meta]
  Plain("abc")

+abc!;manus=c;place=supra+

Addition[medium][meta]
  Plain("abc")

Addition Containing Gap of Known Extent

A gap of known extent (a specific number of missing or lost characters) contained inside an addition to the support by a later ancient hand.

Syntax

The notation for a gap of known extent wrapped within plus signs +…+.

Overview

• ⊙ ∈ PREVIOUS_SEEN_ALLOWED = the relevant gap notation.
• ‽ᵟ ∈ {?, !, ε} = uncertainty marker ?, certainty marker !, or empty string (ε).
• γ ∈ {Low, High, Medium} = certainty level corresponding to the marker used in the notation.
• ◇ᵟ ∈ {⯑, ⯁, ε} = rendering of the uncertainty/certainty marker in the notation or empty string (ε).
• ¤ᵟ = optional annotations (metadata) supported by Addition (cf. Later Ancient Additions of Signs).

See Later Ancient Additions of Signs for the automatic rectification performed by the formatter to improve legibility.

Examples

+[.7.]?;h=c>d+

+[.4.]+

+[.2.]!;manus=c;place=supra+

EpiDoc Outputs

+[.7.]?;h=c>d+

<ab>
    <add cert="low">
        <gap reason="lost" quantity="7" unit="character" precision="medium"/><app type="alternative"><lem><handShift new="#c"/><gap reason="lost" quantity="7" unit="character" precision="medium"/></lem><rdg><handShift new="#d"/><gap reason="lost" quantity="7" unit="character" precision="medium"/></rdg></app>
    </add>
</ab>

+[.4.]+

<ab>
    <add cert="medium">
        <gap reason="lost" quantity="4" unit="character" precision="medium"/>
    </add>
</ab>

+[.2.]!;manus=c;place=supra+

<ab>
    <add place="above" cert="medium">
        <gap reason="lost" quantity="2" unit="character" precision="medium"/><app type="alternative"><rdg><handShift new="#c"/><gap reason="lost" quantity="2" unit="character" precision="medium"/></rdg></app>
    </add>
</ab>

Structural Analysis (Conceptual AST)

+[.7.]?;h=c>d+

Addition[low][meta]
  Gap(known=7, medium)

+[.4.]+

Addition[medium]
  Gap(known=4, medium)

+[.2.]!;manus=c;place=supra+

Addition[medium][meta]
  Gap(known=2, medium)

Addition Containing Gap of Ranged Extent

A gap added by a later ancient hand whose extent is expressed as a plausible numeric range contained inside an addition to the support by a later ancient hand.

Syntax

The notation for a gap of ranged extent wrapped within plus signs +…+. Optional metadata can be written before the final + delimiter. Optional metadata can be written before the final + delimiter.

Overview

• ⊙ ∈ PREVIOUS_SEEN_ALLOWED = the relevant gap notation.
• ‽ᵟ ∈ {?, !, ε} = uncertainty marker ?, certainty marker !, or empty string (ε).
• γ ∈ {Low, High, Medium} = certainty level corresponding to the marker used in the notation.
• ◇ᵟ ∈ {⯑, ⯁, ε} = rendering of the uncertainty/certainty marker in the notation or empty string (ε).
• ¤ᵟ = optional annotations (metadata) supported by Addition (cf. Later Ancient Additions of Signs).

See Later Ancient Additions of Signs for the automatic rectification performed by the formatter to improve legibility.

Examples

+[1-3]+

+[2-4]?;h=c>d+

EpiDoc Outputs

+[1-3]+

<ab>
    <add cert="medium">
        <gap reason="lost" atLeast="1" atMost="3" unit="character" precision="medium"/>
    </add>
</ab>

+[2-4]?;h=c>d+

<ab>
    <add cert="low">
        <gap reason="lost" atLeast="2" atMost="4" unit="character" precision="medium"/><app type="alternative"><lem><handShift new="#c"/><gap reason="lost" atLeast="2" atMost="4" unit="character" precision="medium"/></lem><rdg><handShift new="#d"/><gap reason="lost" atLeast="2" atMost="4" unit="character" precision="medium"/></rdg></app>
    </add>
</ab>

Structural Analysis (Conceptual AST)

+[1-3]+

Addition[medium]
  Gap(range=1–3, medium)

+[2-4]?;h=c>d+

Addition[low][meta]
  Gap(range=2–4, medium)

Addition Containing Gap of Unknown Extent

A gap of unknown extent (lost or illegible signs where the original number of characters cannot be estimated) contained inside an addition to the support by a later ancient hand.

Syntax

Zero or more white spaces wrapped by square brackets […], all enclosed within plus signs +…+. Optional metadata can be written before the final + delimiter.

Overview

• ⊙ ∈ PREVIOUS_SEEN_ALLOWED = the relevant gap notation.
• ‽ᵟ ∈ {?, !, ε} = uncertainty marker ?, certainty marker !, or empty string (ε).
• γ ∈ {Low, High, Medium} = certainty level corresponding to the marker used in the notation.
• ◇ᵟ ∈ {⯑, ⯁, ε} = rendering of the uncertainty/certainty marker in the notation or empty string (ε).
• ¤ᵟ = optional annotations (metadata) supported by Addition (cf. Later Ancient Additions of Signs).

See Later Ancient Additions of Signs for the automatic rectification performed by the formatter to improve legibility.

Examples

+[]+

+[]?;h=c>d+

+[]!;manus=c;place=supra+

EpiDoc Outputs

+[]+

<ab>
    <add cert="medium">
        <gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character" precision="medium"/>
    </add>
</ab>

+[]?;h=c>d+

<ab>
    <add cert="low">
        <gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character" precision="medium"/><app type="alternative"><lem><handShift new="#c"/><gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character" precision="medium"/></lem><rdg><handShift new="#d"/><gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character" precision="medium"/></rdg></app>
    </add>
</ab>

+[]!;manus=c;place=supra+

<ab>
    <add place="above" cert="medium">
        <gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character" precision="medium"/><app type="alternative"><rdg><handShift new="#c"/><gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character" precision="medium"/></rdg></app>
    </add>
</ab>

Structural Analysis (Conceptual AST)

+[]+

Addition[medium]
  Gap(unknown, medium)

+[]?;h=c>d+

Addition[low][meta]
  Gap(unknown, medium)

+[]!;manus=c;place=supra+

Addition[medium][meta]
  Gap(unknown, medium)

Addition of Unclear Signs

An addition by a later ancient hand of unclear signs.

Syntax

Any notation of a phenomenon (IbiUnit) allowed within Unclear wrapped by asterisks *…* representing the addition, enclosed between plus signs +…+. Optional metadata can be written before the final + delimiter.

Overview

• 𝘏 = identifier sign of the hand (if specified in the optional annotations/metadata ¤ᵟ).
• ⊙ ∈ UNCLEAR_ALLOWED = any phenomena allowed within Unclear (notation, AST or rendering depending on its placement).
• ‽ᵟ ∈ {?, !, ε} = uncertainty marker ?, certainty marker !, or empty string (ε).
• γ ∈ {Low, High, Medium} = certainty level corresponding to the marker used in the notation.
• ◇ᵟ ∈ {⯑, ⯁, ε} = rendering of the uncertainty/certainty marker in the notation or empty string (ε).
• ¤ᵟ = optional annotations (metadata) supported by Addition (cf. Later Ancient Additions of Signs).

See Later Ancient Additions of Signs for the automatic rectification performed by the formatter to improve legibility.

Examples