Linguistic Annotation of a Lexical Unit

Annotation of a linguistic-lexical unit for in-depth analysis, featuring a comprehensive set of metadata which is omitted from the final visual representation but can be accessed depending on the output.

Delimiters

SideSignNameUnicode
Left&AmpersandU+0026
Right&AmpersandU+0026

&abc& ↓ Formatter optimisation for human legibility ↓ &abc⅋

SideSignNameUnicode
Left&AmpersandU+0026
Right⅋Turned AmpersandU+214B

Any number of Unicode characters (representing any philological phenomenon) followed by a semicolon ; and optionally any number of linguistic annotations (metadata) made of a key (listed below), an equals sign =, and a value; everything enclosed between ampersands &…&.

Almost all annotations support the plausibility scale notation, allowing for stratified interpretations (cf. Interpretative Plausibility Assessment).

NotationSimplified ASTPaper Output
&𝑆×𝑁;λₛ=λᵥ;…&LexicalUnit([𝘜], LinguisticAnalysis[λₖ:λᵥ, …])𝑆×𝑁
  • 𝑆 = any sign (Unicode character) ∉ STOP_SET (cf. Technical Catalogue of Symbols) otherwise preceded by the escape character \.
  • 𝑁 = number of characters (represented by char or digits).
  • λₛ = label, which may also be in abbreviated form, for linguistic annotation.
  • λᵥ = value of the linguistic annotation (plausibility scale).
  • λₖ = canonical key for the linguistic annotation derived from the corresponding label.
NotationPaper Output
&logos;
lemma=λόγος;
transc=logos;
transl=logos;
palaeo=𐌻𐌾𐌲𐍉𐍃;
pos=noun;
gen=masc;
num=sg;
case=nom;
lang=grc;
gloss=word, speech, account, reason;
semdom=language;
etym=from PIE *leg- "to gather, speak";
notes=core term in Greek philosophy and rhetoric;
&
logoslogoslogos𐌻𐌾𐌲𐍉𐍃λόγοςword, speech, account, reasonfrom PIE *leg- "to gather, speak"languagenmascsgnomgrccore term in Greek philosophy and rhetoric
&fakent;
lemma=facere;
transc=fákent;
transl=fakent;
palaeo=𐌅𐌀𐌊𐌄𐌍𐌕;
pos=verb;
tense=prs;
mood=sub;
diath=act;
person=3;
num=pl;
lang=lat;
gloss=may they do, let them do;
semdom=action, causation;
etym=from PIE *dʰeh₁- "to put, to place, to set" (semantic shift to "do" in Italic);
notes=archaic subjunctive form; orthography reflects Old Italic script conventions;
&
fakentfakentfákent𐌅𐌀𐌊𐌄𐌍𐌕faceremay they do, let them dofrom PIE *dʰeh₁- "to put, to place, to set" (semantic shift to "do" in Italic)action, causationvpl3rdprssubjactlatarchaic subjunctive form

EpiDoc Outputs

NotationEpiDoc (XML)
&logos;
lemma=λόγος;
transc=logos;
transl=logos;
palaeo=𐌻𐌾𐌲𐍉𐍃;
pos=noun;
gen=masc;
num=sg;
case=nom;
lang=grc;
gloss=word, speech, account, reason;
semdom=language;
etym=from PIE *leg- "to gather, speak";
notes=core term in Greek philosophy and rhetoric;
&
<ab>
    <w xml:id="gen-0" xml:lang="grc" norm="logos" lemma="λόγος" pos="n" msd="Gender=PlausibilitySeq { lectiones: [Masculine], links: [] }|Number=PlausibilitySeq { lectiones: [Singular], links: [] }|Case=PlausibilitySeq { lectiones: [Nominative], links: [] }">logos</w>
    <note target="#gen-0" type="reading">logos
    </note>
    <note target="#gen-0" type="palaeographic">𐌻𐌾𐌲𐍉𐍃
    </note>
    <note target="#gen-0" type="gloss">word, speech, account, reason
    </note>
    <note target="#gen-0" type="etymology">from PIE *leg- "to gather, speak"
    </note>
    <note target="#gen-0" type="semantic_domain">language
    </note>
    <note target="#gen-0" type="editorial">core term in Greek philosophy and rhetoric
    </note>
</ab>
&fakent;
lemma=facere;
transc=fákent;
transl=fakent;
palaeo=𐌅𐌀𐌊𐌄𐌍𐌕;
pos=verb;
tense=prs;
mood=sub;
diath=act;
person=3;
num=pl;
lang=lat;
gloss=may they do, let them do;
semdom=action, causation;
etym=from PIE *dʰeh₁- "to put, to place, to set" (semantic shift to "do" in Italic);
notes=archaic subjunctive form; orthography reflects Old Italic script conventions;
&
<ab>
    <w xml:id="gen-0" xml:lang="lat" norm="fakent" lemma="facere" pos="v" msd="Number=PlausibilitySeq { lectiones: [Plural], links: [] }|Tense=PlausibilitySeq { lectiones: [Custom(&quot;prs&quot;)], links: [] }|Mood=PlausibilitySeq { lectiones: [Subjunctive], links: [] }|Person=PlausibilitySeq { lectiones: [Third], links: [] }|Voice=PlausibilitySeq { lectiones: [Active], links: [] }">fakent</w>
    <note target="#gen-0" type="reading">fákent
    </note>
    <note target="#gen-0" type="palaeographic">𐌅𐌀𐌊𐌄𐌍𐌕
    </note>
    <note target="#gen-0" type="gloss">may they do, let them do
    </note>
    <note target="#gen-0" type="etymology">from PIE *dʰeh₁- "to put, to place, to set" (semantic shift to "do" in Italic)
    </note>
    <note target="#gen-0" type="semantic_domain">action, causation
    </note>
    <note target="#gen-0" type="editorial">archaic subjunctive form
    </note>
</ab>

Structural Analysis (Conceptual AST)

NotationAST
&logos;
lemma=λόγος;
transc=logos;
transl=logos;
palaeo=𐌻𐌾𐌲𐍉𐍃;
pos=noun;
gen=masc;
num=sg;
case=nom;
lang=grc;
gloss=word, speech, account, reason;
semdom=language;
etym=from PIE *leg- "to gather, speak";
notes=core term in Greek philosophy and rhetoric;
&
LexicalUnit[meta]
  Plain("logos")
&fakent;
lemma=facere;
transc=fákent;
transl=fakent;
palaeo=𐌅𐌀𐌊𐌄𐌍𐌕;
pos=verb;
tense=prs;
mood=sub;
diath=act;
person=3;
num=pl;
lang=lat;
gloss=may they do, let them do;
semdom=action, causation;
etym=from PIE *dʰeh₁- "to put, to place, to set" (semantic shift to "do" in Italic);
notes=archaic subjunctive form; orthography reflects Old Italic script conventions;
&
LexicalUnit[meta]
  Plain("fakent")

Supported Metadata Keys and Values

KeyMeaningFormattingMinification
language, lang, llanguagelangl
lemma, lem, llemmaleml
gloss, glglossglossgl
etymology, etymo, etym, etetymologyetymet
semantic_domain, semantic, semdom, sema, semsemantic domainsemdomsem
part_of_speech, pospart of speechpospos
notes, notenotesnotesnote

Supported Metadata Keys and Values

KeyMeaningFormattingMinification
noun, nnounnn
verb, vverbvv
adjective, adj, ajadjectiveadjaj
article, art, atarticleartat
adverb, adv, avadverbadvav
pronoun, pron, prn, pnpronounpronpn
preposition, prep, pre, ppprepositionpreppp
conjunction, conj, cj, cconjunctionconjc
particle, part, prt, ptparticlepartpt
numeral, num, nunumeralnumnu

Supported Metadata Keys and Values

KeyMeaningFormattingMinification
number, no, nr, numnumbernono
gender, gen, ggendergeng
person, pers, ppersonpersp
case, ccasecasec
tense, tntensetensetn
mood, mdmoodmoodmd
diathesis, diath, dia, voice, vcdiathesis, voicediathvc
comparison, compcomparison degreecompcomp
status, stat, ststatusstatst
definiteness, def, dfdefinitenessdefdf
declension, decl, dcdeclensiondecldc
conjugation, conj, cjconjugationconjcj

Supported Metadata Keys and Values

KeyMeaningFormattingMinification
masculine, masc, male, mmasculinemascm
feminine, fem, female, ffemininefemf
neuter, neu, nneuterneun
common, com, mfcommoncomc

Supported Metadata Keys and Values

KeyMeaningFormattingMinification
singular, sing, sg, ssingularsgs
plural, plur, pl, ppluralplp
dual, du, ddualdud
collective, coll, col, ccollectivecollc

Supported Metadata Keys and Values

KeyMeaningFormattingMinification
first, 1st, 1first person1st1
second, 2nd, 2second person2nd2
third, 3rd, 3third person3rd3

Supported Metadata Keys and Values

KeyMeaningFormattingMinification
nominative, nom, nnominativenomn
genitive, gen, ggenitivegeng
dative, dat, ddativedatd
accusative, acc, acaccusativeaccac
ablative, abl, abablativeablab
locative, loc, llocativelocl
instrumental, instr, iinstrumentalinstri
vocative, voc, vvocativevocv
direct, dir, didirect casedirdi
oblique, obl, o, indirect, indiroblique, indirect caseoblo

Supported Metadata Keys and Values

KeyMeaningFormattingMinification
present, pres, prpresentprespr
past, paspastpaspa
imperfect, imperf, imp, ipimperfectimpip
perfect, perf, pfperfectperfpf
pluperfect, plupf, plup, plfpluperfectplupfplf
future, fut, ffuturefutf
aorist, aor, aoaoristaorao

Supported Metadata Keys and Values

KeyMeaningFormattingMinification
indicative, indic, ind, idindicativeindid
imperative, imper, imp, ipimperativeimpip
subjunctive, subj, sub, sjsubjunctivesubjsj
optative, opt, ooptativeoo
infinitive, infin, inf, ifinfiniteinfif
participle, part, pt, pparticiplepartp
gerund, gerd, gdgerundgerdgd
gerundive, gerv, gvgerundivegervgv
supine, sup, spsupinesupsp

Supported Metadata Keys and Values

KeyMeaningFormattingMinification
active, act, aactiveacta
passive, pass, ppassivepassp
middle, mid, mmiddlemidm
deponent, dep, ddeponentdepd
medio_passive, mediopassive, mpmediopassivempmp

Supported Metadata Keys and Values

KeyMeaningFormattingMinification
positive, pos, ppositiveposp
comparative, comp, ccomparativecompc
superlative, super, sup, ssuperlativesups

Supported Metadata Keys and Values

KeyMeaningFormattingMinification
absolute, abs, aabsoluteabsa
construct, cons, cconstructconsc
emphatic, emph, eemphaticemphe
predicative, pred, ppredicativepredp

Supported Metadata Keys and Values

KeyMeaningFormattingMinification
definite, def, ddefinitedefd
indefinite, indef, ind, iindefiniteindi

Supported Metadata Keys and Values

KeyMeaningFormattingMinification
diplomatic, diplo, dipldiplomaticdipldipl
transliteration, transl, tltransliterationtransltl
reading, read, rd, transcription, transc, trreadingreadrd
palaeographic, palaeo, paleographic, paleo, palpalaeographic formpalaeopal
graphic_function, graphic, function, grafunc, gfgraphic functiongrafuncgf

Supported Metadata Keys and Values

KeyMeaningFormattingMinification
heterogram, hetero, ht, hgheterogramheterohg
logogram, logo, lglogogramlogolg
plain, plplain textplainpl

Supported Metadata Keys and Values

KeyMeaningFormattingMinification
morph, mmorphological namespacemorphm
ling, llinguistic namespacelingl
script, sscript namespacescripts